Dr. Marta Piva
Assistant Professor of Biology
Alcorn State University
Office:601-877-3914

Oxidative Stress

Abstract: Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) are essential nutrients for all organisms that use them as cofactors for many transporters, transcription factors and enzymes. In the cellular environment, metal ion trafficking and storage are tightly regulated. Any disturbance in metal ion homeostasis can lead to severe pathologies, which include chronic neurodegenerative diseases (Parkinson’s, Alzeheimer’s, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) as well as neurodegeneration triggered by acute ischemia (stroke). For example, when Fe and Cu are in redox competent form in the cytosol, either free or incorrectly bound, they catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from molecular oxygen (O2). Left unchecked, ROS damage cellular components and eventually cause cell death. Intracellular Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) is increased in stroke, a pathological situation characterized by cellular acidosis and oxidative stress. Excess Zn2+ induces apoptosis or necrosis, depending on level and length of exposure. My research project involves the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which these essential transition metals exert their toxic effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae under conditions of oxidative stress or metabolic acidosis.